Explain like I'm five · Security

What are BEC, Smishing and Vishing?

Business email compromise, smishing and vishing, told as a story about a letter in the king's handwriting that tells the clerk to send gold.

the clerkFROM THE KINGurgent! send 100 gold to the merchanttoday, and tell no one— the kingthe handwriting and seal look like the king'spracticed the king's hand a hundred timesa thief somewhere in the villageno bug, no link — just words

A letter in the king's handwriting reaches the clerk. "Urgent — send gold to the merchant."It's a fake letter, but there's no bug and no link. Just words. So bug cards and post office stamps mostly miss it.

the pigeon note'your parcel is here, tap this'it's me, the king — right nowthe letter that comes as a voiceeven the king's voice, copiedFROM THE KINGurgentsend goldtell no onethe letter as the kingthe post office stamp can't catch itfake letters have cousins — all of them fool people, not walls

Fake letters have cousins. They come as pigeon notes, and as voices.The pigeon note is a text message; the voice is a phone call. These days a parrot can copy the king's voice exactly. All three fool people, not walls.

FROM THE KINGURGENT! right nowtell no onesend the gold to the merchant's new address— the kingall three habits at oncethe king says it's urgent…the clerka thief in the king's clothesa letter in the king's hand — it fools with words, not bugsurgent · secret · not the usual road

The letter in the king's hand fools with words, not bugs. The habits never change — urgent, secret, not the usual road.Someone important, right now, tell no one, and a new place to send the gold. When these four arrive together, it is almost always the thief.

Plays the kingthe boss, a supplier, the bank
Right nowno time to think
Tell no oneasking would expose it
Not the usual roada new address, a new account
me? I sent no such letterask back by another roadnot the letter — go in person, or the number you knowtwo people to open itone fooled, the gold still staystwo ways to stop the gold before it leaves

Before sending gold, ask back by another road. And the gold chest takes two people to open.Call the number you already know, not the one in the letter — or walk over and ask. And gold needs two people to sign off, so no one can send it alone — one fooled, it still stays.

goes home empty-handedthe post office stampfilters strangers' lettersurgent? secret?→ ask backgold takes twothief classlearn the habitsthe stamp filters letters; the class protects people

The post office stamp filters letters; thief class protects people.The post office stamp filters letters from unknown senders. Some still get through, so everyone learns the habits in thief class.

In one breath

BEC = a bug-free fake letter that plays the king (the boss) and tells the clerk: urgent, tell no one, send the gold to a new address. Smishing is the cousin that comes as a pigeon note (text); vishing, as a voice (phone). The defense: ask back by another road, and two people to sign off.

Email fraud that impersonates executives or vendors to trigger wire transfers or bank-detail changes. It often uses social engineering alone — no attachment, no link — so filters miss it, and it also arrives by SMS (smishing) and phone (vishing). Callback verification and dual approval are the core defenses.

When grown-ups say it

BEC
The letter in the king's hand. Fools with words alone — no bug, no link. → a cousin of the letter that pretends to be the post office
Smishing
The pigeon note. A short note (a text) saying tap here. Parcels, fines and prizes are the usual bait.
Vishing
The letter that comes as a voice. Plays the king over the phone. → the parrot that copies the king's voice
CEO fraud
Playing the king. In an important name: right now, tell no one. Hard for the clerk to question.
Invoice / payment fraud
Not the usual road. The merchant has a new address — and the gold lands in the thief's chest.
Callback verification
Asking back by another road. Call the number you already know — never the one in the letter.
Dual approval
Two people to open it. Two locks on the gold chest. → only the keys you need
Email authentication
The post office stamp. Stamps that prove who really sent it. → three post office stamps
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