Explain like I'm five · Security

What is a Passkey?

Passkeys, told as a story about a ring that recognizes its own gate.

apple… or was it apple1…apple1written downapple1apple1apple1the same everywhere

Passwords must be remembered, and they keep leaking.Written down, reused, overheard.

fake gate482 913482 913I read it out

A person types the code — so they'll type it into a fake gate (a phishing site) too.The code itself can't tell a real gate from a fake one. It's the last scene of the gatekeeper story.

Photo Castle'Photo Castle'ring: yes, Photo Castle!gate: yes, my ring!I just touch it — nothing to say, nothing to remember

A passkey is a ring that knows its gate.The castle's name is engraved inside. Ring and gate check each other; I just touch it.

The secret in the ringnever leaves my device
The gate's photo of the ringthe castle keeps only a photo
My fingeronly I can wake the ring
fake gatering: …that's not my castlethere is no code to read out

At a fake gate, the ring stays dark.Wrong castle name. There's no code to read out — nothing to steal.

?lose the phone, lose the ringkey lockercopiescopies in the locker, or a spare ring

Losing the ring is a problem.The phone is the ring. So it's copied into a key locker (your Google or Apple account), or you keep a spare. And some castles don't take rings yet.

In one breath

A passkey = a ring that knows its gate, with nothing to remember. At a fake gate it does nothing at all.

The FIDO2 / WebAuthn standard. The ring's secret (private key) never goes to the castle; the castle holds only a photo (public key). So even a robbed castle can't copy my ring.

When grown-ups say it

Private key
The secret in the ring. Made inside my device and never leaves it.
Public key
The photo of the ring. Kept by the castle. Stealing it doesn't let you forge the ring.
WebAuthn · FIDO2
How ring and gate talk. The standard that makes browsers and castles speak the same language.
Biometrics · PIN
The finger that wakes the ring. Face or fingerprint stays on the device; the castle never sees it. → the gatekeeper story
Synced passkey
The locker copy. iCloud Keychain, Google Password Manager. The ring follows you to a new phone.
Security key
A ring you plug in. A small stick like a YubiKey. Can't be copied, so it's the sturdiest.
Phishing-resistant
Dark at a fake gate. Because the castle's name is engraved in the ring. → T1566 in the encyclopedia
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